Peru is located in the part western center of the South American Continent and in the south oriental part of the basin of Pacific. It is among the parallel 0° 01'48" and 18° 20'50.8" of south latitude and the meridians 68° 9'27" and 81° 19' 34.5" of longitude west. Lima for the north with Ecuador and Colombia, for the east with Brazil and Bolivia, for the South with Chile and for the West with the Ocean Pacific.

It is the third country of America of the South in size and he/she has a continental approximate surface of 1'285 215.6 km2, including the territory of islands located in the Peruvian part of the Ocean Pacific and of the Lake Titicaca.

He/she also has sovereignty and jurisdiction on a fringe of 200 miles (370 km2) of the Ocean adjacent Pacific to their marine coast, and on a territory of 1 km2 in Antártida.

The Region Costa
It is characterized to present vast extensions desérticas with altitudes from 0 to 1,500 msnm, conformed by 52 valleys of those that little is those that have readiness of enough and permanent water, it is where the Peruvian population's 52% lives. It is a flat region understood between the line of the coast and the western estribaciones of Andes, until the 800 meters of altitude. Their width varies from 75 to 100 Km., covering an area of 15,087,282 has that represents the one 11.74% of the total extension of the country. It is characterized to have sandy and arid floors, except for some fertile valleys taken a bath by rivers with permanent water of Cuenca of Pacific. The relief of the coast is relatively flat with small elevations denominated "hills." He/she understands landscapes like valleys, subpaisajes like plains or pampas, hills and dry gulches.

In the coastal plain, mainly in the valleys, it is carried out the agricultural most productive activity in the country. Most of the agricultural national gross product comes from the valleys and irrigations slabs. The agriculture is almost entirely low watering and it is exposed to the irregular régimes of the rivers. In order to regularizing the watering, to enlarge the cultivation area and to obtain hydroelectric energy, the State has executed irrigation projects, some of great span, with strong investments and long periods of execution.

The Region Sierra
He/she understands a mountainous wide region, with superior altitudes to the 4,000 msnm and some valleys with altitudes from 1,500 to 3,000 msnm, varying the climate from temperate to glacial, with a very marked station of rains of November to April. Sierra that houses the population's 37%, is a natural region of very uneven relief for the Mountain range of Andes, guided of southeast (frontier with Chile and Bolivia) to northwest (frontier with Ecuador), and understood between Costa and the Forest. He/she has an extension of 35,906,248 there is, covering the one 27.94% of the national territory.

They are distinguished three sectors in Peruvian Andes: Andes of the South, understood between the frontiers of Peru and Bolivia and the Knot of Vilcanota, in the limit between Puno and Cusco; Andes Power stations, understood among the knot of Vilcanota by the south and the Knot of Pasco for the north; and Andes of the North that you/they extend from the Knot of Pasco until the frontier with Ecuador. They consist of three chains. Andes has a central importance for the country. The region influences about the life of most of the Peruvian population, to the being source of the consumption water. In a same way, Andes constitutes a great warehouse of mining metallic and not metallic resources, being the export of metallic minerals the primordial source of revenues of foreign currencies to the country. Also, the region is main source of hydroelectric available and profitable energy resources. Finally, Sierra concentrates the biggest surface in natural grass of the country and it sustains to almost 90% of the national cattle raising. Nevertheless their importance, the mountain has been paradoxically the most depressed and disregarded region in the country. It has been the region of human bigger establishment and the great demand of arable lands has given place, in many cases, to the sobreexplotación of its resources and the practice of cultivations in terraces or "platforms" in slope areas.

La Region Jungle
It is a tropical region with two differentiated areas, the low forest or amazon plain and the high forest in altitudes between 500 and 3800 msnm, in this region the temperature is high, the rain régime embraces most of the year and the precipitations are abundant. The Forest houses to the total population's 11% and it is the third natural more extensive region of the country. It is located to the east of Andes and he/she understands from the inferior levels of this Mountain range until the amazon first floor, bordering with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil and Bolivia. The rivers that get off the oriental flanks drain in the river Amazons and their tributaries. It presents an area of 77,523,030 there is, the one 60.32% of the total surface of the country. It is covered with natural forests. It is subdivided until in three subregiones: Low forest up to 500 msnm, High Forest from 500 until 1,900 msnm and Brow of Forest from 1,900 up to 3,800 msnm. Most of the Forest is covered with thick vegetation, due to which the rivers are the main media and transport.